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Optics

Properties of light

Wave particle duality:

Light is a wave

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Absorption and Emission

Beer's law

Refraction

Ray tracing

 

Resolution

Resolution: The ability to separate two objects

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A definition of Numerical Aperture

 

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Fourier transform:

Transform from real space to frequency space

 

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Now we look at a real square wave and frequency space

 

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Look at a simple optical system:

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Mathematical prediction of the Point Spread Function (PSF)

on the left we have the mathematical point source know as a delta function.

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were

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the intensity at the Fourier plain can be found by taking the Fourier transform of this function.

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this has the same intensity at all points inside the aperture and zero outside. The second lens is now taking a Fourier transform on a box function the width of the aperture.

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or

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Substituting in the definition for NA

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Now we go back to Resolution. How close together we can position two points and still distinguish them

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More intuitive approach

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Notes from:

http://web.mit.edu/2.710/Fall06/2.710-wk12-b-sl.pdf

https://links.uwaterloo.ca/amath353docs/set11.pdf

https://www.thefouriertransform.com/pairs/box.php

http://www.phys.unm.edu/msbahae/Optics%20Lab/Fourier%20Optics.pdf

How to Chose the Optimal Objective Dr. Sebastian Gliem

Super Resolution Techniques

 

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