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Microscopy Effects on Images

Detectors: 

Array Detectors

Array detectors:

Cameras, CCD's EMCCD's Back thinned CCD's, CMOS, SCMOS 

These detectors measure photons and produce electrons in each pixel. The pixels are then readout as a serial list of values representing the photon intensity at each location.

Quantum Efficiency

The quantum efficiency is a ratio between the number of photons hitting a pixel to the number of electrons in the well

PCO edge 5.5 QE.jpg

PCO edge 5.5 sCOMS

     

 

 

 

Kinetix Qe.jpg

 

Kinetix sCOMS
IXon CCD

Noise

  
  

  • Read Noise:

  • Errors in reading elections in wells.  Read noise is independent of ingratiation time and effects low light level imaging.

  • Shot noise:

  • statistical  differences in the number of photons hitting the pixel

  • Dark noise:

  • Is the accumulation of electrons when no photons are hitting the pixel

  • Hot Pixels/ Dead Pixels:

  • Pixels with Higher or lower dark noise

    • Pixel Size:

    Size

    Use magnification and Nyquist theorem 

     

    Point Detectors

    PMT's APD's

    Quantum Efficiency

    Noise

    other Info

    more stuff

    even more stuff

     

    Point Spread Function and Blur:

    A microscope is a 4f system as shownimage-1633036975307.jpg

     

     

    Objectives

     

    https://www.microscopyu.com/digital-imaging/introduction-to-charge-coupled-devices-ccds

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